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The Ministry of Ecology and Environment released the ``2018 National Ecological Environment Quality Profile''

The Ministry of Ecology and Environment released the ``2018 National Ecological Environment Quality Profile''

(Summary description)Recently, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of my country issued the "2018 National Ecological Environment Quality Profile". The profile shows that in 2018, the national ecological environment quality continued to improve.

The Ministry of Ecology and Environment released the ``2018 National Ecological Environment Quality Profile''

(Summary description)Recently, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of my country issued the "2018 National Ecological Environment Quality Profile". The profile shows that in 2018, the national ecological environment quality continued to improve.

Information

Recently, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of my country issued the "2018 National Ecological Environment Quality Profile". The profile shows that in 2018, the national ecological environment quality continued to improve.

One. Summary

2018 is an important milestone in the development history of my country's ecological environment protection. The National Conference on Ecological Environment Protection was held in Beijing. General Secretary Xi Jinping attended the conference and delivered an important speech, formally establishing Xi Jinping's thoughts on ecological civilization. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening Ecological Environmental Protection and Resolutely Fighting Pollution Prevention and Control", clarifying the timetable, road map, and mission statement for the fight against pollution. The first session of the Thirteenth National People's Congress voted to pass a constitutional amendment, incorporating new development concepts, ecological civilization and requirements for building a beautiful China into the constitution. In the reform of the party and state institutions, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment was newly formed to unify the supervision and administrative law enforcement duties of various types of pollution discharge in the ecological and urban and rural areas; at the same time, a comprehensive law enforcement team for ecological and environmental protection was formed to enhance the uniformity, independence and authority of law enforcement And effectiveness.

Under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, all regions and departments fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the The Party Central Committee and the State Council have made decisions and arrangements to improve the quality of the ecological environment, adhere to the principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, making overall plans, comprehensively implementing policies, leveraging both hands, combining point and area, seeking truth and being pragmatic, and coordinating the promotion of high-quality economic development and a high level of ecological environment. The battle to defend the blue sky, clear water, and pure land is in full swing, and the battle for pollution prevention and control has a good start.

In 2018, the quality of the national ecological environment continued to improve. The average number of good days in 338 cities at prefecture-level and above (hereinafter referred to as 338 cities) was 79.3%, an increase of 1.3 percentage points year-on-year; the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was 39 micrograms/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 9.3%. The PM2.5 concentration in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Fenwei Plain fell by 11.8%, 10.2%, and 10.8% respectively year-on-year. The proportion of sections with Grade I to III surface water quality nationwide was 71.0%, an increase of 3.1 percentage points year-on-year; the proportion of sections inferior to Grade V was 6.7%, a year-on-year decrease of 1.6 percentage points. The water quality of the coastal waters is generally stable and improving. The emissions of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide decreased by 3.1%, 2.7%, 6.7%, and 4.9% year-on-year, respectively. Energy consumption per unit of GDP and carbon dioxide emissions decreased by 3.1% and 4.0% year-on-year. The annual goals and tasks of ecological environmental protection were successfully completed, and the schedule requirements of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" were met.

2. Atmosphere

(1) Ambient air quality

Among the 338 cities in the country, 121 cities have reached environmental air quality standards, accounting for 35.8% of the total number of cities, an increase of 6.5 percentage points year-on-year; the average number of good days in 338 cities is 79.3%, an increase of 1.3 percentage points year-on-year; PM2.5 concentration It was 39 micrograms/cubic meter, down 9.3% year-on-year; the average concentration of PM10 was 71 micrograms/cubic meter, down 5.3% year-on-year.

Figure 1 Percentage of ambient air quality levels in 338 cities in 2018

According to the evaluation of the comprehensive environmental air quality index, among the 169 key cities, the 20 cities with relatively poor ambient air quality (from 169 to 150) are Linfen, Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, Tangshan, Handan, Anyang, Taiyuan, Baoding, Xianyang, Jincheng, Jiaozuo, Xi'an, Xinxiang, Yangquan, Yuncheng, Jinzhong, Zibo, Zhengzhou, Laiwu and Weinan; the 20 cities with relatively good air quality (from 1st to 20th) are Haikou , Huangshan, Zhoushan, Lhasa, Lishui, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Huizhou, Taizhou, Zhuhai, Guiyang, Zhongshan, Ya'an, Dalian, Kunming, Wenzhou, Quzhou, Xianning and Nanning.

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas "2+26" cities have an average of 50.5% of good days, an increase of 1.2% year-on-year; the PM2.5 concentration is 60 micrograms/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 11.8%. The proportion of good days in Beijing was 62.2%, an increase of 0.3% year-on-year; the PM2.5 concentration was 51 micrograms/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 12.1%. The average number of good days in 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta was 74.1%, an increase of 2.5 percentage points year-on-year; the PM2.5 concentration was 44 micrograms/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 10.2%. The average number of good days in the 11 cities in the Fenwei Plain was 54.3%, an increase of 2.2% year-on-year; the PM2.5 concentration was 58 micrograms/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 10.8%. The average number of good days in 9 cities in the Pearl River Delta region was 85.4%, an increase of 0.9% year-on-year; the PM2.5 concentration was 32 micrograms/m3, a year-on-year decrease of 5.9%.

(two) acid rain

Among 471 cities (districts and counties) monitoring precipitation, the frequency of acid rain averaged 10.5%, a year-on-year decrease of 0.3%. The annual average pH value of precipitation across the country ranges from 4.34 to 8.24. Among them, the proportion of cities with acid rain (annual precipitation pH lower than 5.6) was 18.9%, an increase of 0.1% year-on-year; the proportion of cities with heavy acid rain (annual precipitation pH lower than 5.0) was 4.9%, a year-on-year decrease of 1.8%; heavy acid rain (The annual average pH value of precipitation is lower than 4.5) The proportion of cities is 0.4%, which is the same year-on-year. The overall acid rain type is still sulfuric acid type.

The acid rain area in the country is about 530,000 square kilometers, accounting for 5.5% of the country's land area, a year-on-year decrease of 0.9%. Acid rain pollution is mainly distributed in the areas south of the Yangtze River and east of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, including most of Zhejiang and Shanghai, northern Fujian, central Jiangxi, central and eastern Hunan, central Guangdong, and southern Chongqing.

Three, fresh water

(1) National surface water

Among the 1940 national surface water assessment sections, the proportion of sections with Grade I to III water quality was 71.0%, an increase of 3.1 percentage points year-on-year; the proportion of sections inferior to Grade V was 6.7%, a year-on-year decrease of 1.6 percentage points.

Among the 1613 water quality sections of the seven major river basins of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River, Songhua River, Huaihe River, Haihe River, and Liaohe River, as well as the rivers in Zhejiang and Fujian, the northwestern rivers, and the southwestern rivers, the proportion of water quality sections of Grade I to III was 74.3%, a year-on-year increase 2.5 percentage points; the proportion of sections inferior to category V was 6.9%, a year-on-year decrease of 1.5 percentage points.

The water quality of the northwest and southwest rivers is excellent. The water quality of the Yangtze River, Pearl River Basin and Zhejiang and Fujian Rivers is good. The Yellow River, Songhua River and Huaihe River Basin are slightly polluted, and the Haihe and Liaohe River Basins are moderately polluted.

Among the 111 important lakes (reservoirs) monitored, 66.7% of lakes (reservoirs) with water quality of Ⅰ~Ⅲ are 66.7%, and the proportion of lakes (reservoirs) inferior to Ⅴ is 8.1%. The main pollution indicators are total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and permanganate index. . Among the 107 lakes (reservoirs) monitored for nutritional status, oligotrophic accounted for 9.3%, mesotrophic accounted for 61.7%, mild eutrophication accounted for 23.4%, and moderate eutrophication accounted for 5.6%. Taihu Lake is lightly polluted and mildly eutrophic. The main pollution index is total phosphorus. Chaohu Lake is in a moderately polluted, mildly eutrophic state, and the main pollution indicator is total phosphorus. Dianchi Lake is slightly polluted and mildly eutrophic. The main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus.

(2) Centralized drinking water sources for cities at prefecture level and above

According to the statistics of the number of monitoring sections (points), of the 906 monitoring sections (points) of centralized drinking water sources in 338 cities, 814 met the standards throughout the year, accounting for 89.8%. Among them, there are 577 monitoring sections (points) for surface water source areas, 534 of which have reached the standard throughout the year, accounting for 92.5%, and the main exceeding indicators are sulfate, total phosphorus and manganese; 329 monitoring sections (points) for groundwater sources , 280 have reached the standard throughout the year, accounting for 85.1%, and the main indicators of exceeding the standard are manganese, iron and ammonia nitrogen.

According to the statistics of the number of water sources, 90.9% of the 871 in 338 cities are using centralized drinking water sources with water quality of Grade III or better.

(3) Water bodies of key water conservancy projects

Among the 77 water quality monitoring sections of 38 main tributaries of the Yangtze River in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, 96.1% of the water quality sections of Grade I to III, and 3.9% of sections of Grade IV. The nutritional status monitoring results showed that the ratio of sections with eutrophication status was 18.2%, the ratio of mesotrophic status was 76.6%, and the ratio of lean nutrition status was 5.2%.

South-to-North Water Diversion (East Route) Yangtze River Intake Section, Jiajiang Sanjiangying Section, Water Main Line Jinghang Canal Section, Suqian Canal Section and Hanzhuang Canal Section are all Grade II, Baoying Canal Section, Bulao Section and Liangji Canal Section The water quality is Class III, Hongze Lake and Luoma Lake are mildly eutrophic, and Nansi Lake and Dongping Lake are mesotrophic.

The Danjiangkou Reservoir of the South-to-North Water Diversion (Middle Route) is medium nutrient. The water quality of the Taocha section of the intake is Grade II, and the water quality of the 9 tributaries into the Danjiangkou Reservoir are all excellent.

Four, sea, ocean

(1) Waters under jurisdiction

In the summer of 2018, the area of ​​sea areas that meet the first-class sea water quality standards accounted for 96.3% of the jurisdictional sea areas; the area of ​​the sea areas that were inferior to the fourth-class seawater quality standards accounted for 1.1% of the jurisdictional sea areas, mainly distributed in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay, Laizhou Bay, Jiangsu Coastal areas, the Yangtze River Estuary, Hangzhou Bay, Zhejiang Coast, Pearl River Estuary and other nearshore areas. The main pollution indicators are inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate and petroleum.

(2) Inshore waters

The water quality of the coastal waters across the country is generally stable and improving. The water quality level is average, and the main pollution indicators are inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate. Among the 417 points, the total proportion of the first and second types of seawater was 74.6%, an increase of 6.7 percentage points year-on-year; the inferior category four was 15.6%, the same year-on-year. Among them, the water quality in the coastal waters of the Bohai Sea is average, and the main pollution indicator is inorganic nitrogen; the water quality in the coastal waters of the Yellow Sea is good, and the main pollution indicator is inorganic nitrogen; the water quality in the coastal waters of the East China Sea is poor, and the main pollution indicators are inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate; The coastal waters are of good quality, and the main pollution indicators are inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate.

Important estuaries and bays Among the 9 important estuaries and bays, the Beibu Gulf has excellent water quality, Jiaozhou Bay has good water quality, Liaodong Bay has deteriorated water quality, and other estuaries and bays have basically maintained stable water quality.

Rivers into the sea Among the 194 monitored river sections that enter the sea, the proportion of sections I to III is 45.9%, and the proportion of sections inferior to category V is 14.9%. The main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand, permanganate index and total phosphorus.

Five, natural ecology

(1) Ecological environment quality

Among the 2583 counties monitored in 2018, there were 1,783, 507, 172, 74, and 47 counties with vegetation coverage indexes of "excellent", "good", "average", "poor" and "poor" respectively. It accounts for 45.4%, 12.6%, 8.5%, 11.7% and 21.8% of the country's land area.

Among the 2,591 counties monitored in 2017, there were 519, 1042, 714, 288, and 28 counties with "excellent", "good", "fair", "bad" and "poor" ecological environment quality. The "excellent" and "good" counties are mainly distributed in the large and small Xing'an Mountains and Changbai Mountains south of the Qinling-Huaihe River and northeast. The area accounts for 44.4% of the country's land area, a year-on-year increase of 2.4 percentage points.

(2) Biodiversity

my country attaches great importance to the protection of biodiversity and is one of the countries with the richest biodiversity. In recent years, the overall biodiversity has remained stable.

Ecosystem Diversity China has 212 types of forest types, 36 types of bamboo forests, 113 types of shrubs, 77 types of meadows, 55 types of grasslands, 52 types of deserts, and 30 types of natural wetlands. There are four major marine ecosystems in the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea, and Kuroshio Current, as well as artificial ecosystems such as farmland, artificial forests, artificial wetlands, artificial grasslands and cities.

Species Diversity There are 98,317 known species and subspecies units in China, of which 42,048 species in the animal kingdom, 44510 species in the plant kingdom, 17,700 higher plants and 1,298 vertebrate species are unique to my country.

Diversity of genetic resources China has 528 types of cultivated crops, 1,339 cultivated species, more than 1,000 species of economic trees, 7,000 species of ornamental plants native to China, and 576 species of domestic animals.

Threatened species The assessment results of 34,450 higher plants, 4357 vertebrates, and 9302 macrofungi species across the country show that 3767 higher plants, 932 vertebrates, and 97 macrofungi are threatened, accounting for 10.9%, 21.4%, and 1.0%, respectively . The higher plants, vertebrates, and macrofungi that need special attention and protection reached 10102 species, 2471 species, and 6538 species, respectively.

6. ​​Acoustic environment

(1) Regional acoustic environment

The average equivalent sound level of 323 cities at prefecture level and above that carried out daytime regional acoustic environment monitoring was 54.4 dB(A). Among them, 13 cities have a first-level sound environmental quality assessment level, accounting for 4.0%; 205 cities have a second-level evaluation level, accounting for 63.5%; 99 cities have a third-level evaluation level, accounting for 30.7%; 4 cities have a fourth-level evaluation level. Accounted for 1.2%; 2 cities are level 5, accounting for 0.6%.

The average equivalent sound level of 319 prefecture-level and above cities that carried out night-time regional acoustic environment monitoring was 46.0 dB(A). Among them, 4 cities have a first-level assessment of regional acoustic environment quality at night, accounting for 1.3%; 121 cities are second-level, accounting for 37.9%; 172 cities are third-level, accounting for 53.9%; 17 cities are fourth-level, accounting for 5.3%; 5 cities are level 5, accounting for 1.6%.

(2) Road traffic acoustic environment

The average equivalent sound level of the 324 prefecture-level and above cities that carried out daytime road traffic acoustic environment monitoring was 67.0 dB(A). Among them, 215 cities have a first-level assessment of road traffic acoustic environment quality, accounting for 66.4%; 93 cities are second-level, accounting for 28.7%; 13 cities are third-level, accounting for 4.0%; 3 cities are fourth-level , Accounting for 0.9%.

The average equivalent sound level of 321 cities at prefecture level and above that carried out night road traffic acoustic environment monitoring was 58.1 dB(A). Among them, 151 cities have a first-level road traffic acoustic environmental quality evaluation level, accounting for 47.0%; 56 cities have a second-level evaluation level, accounting for 17.4%; 37 cities have a third-level evaluation level, accounting for 11.5%; 44 cities have a fourth-level evaluation level. Accounted for 13.7%; 33 cities belong to the fifth level, accounting for 10.3%.

(3) Acoustic environment in urban functional areas

Among the 311 prefecture-level and above cities that carry out sound environmental monitoring in functional zones, the compliance rate of various functional zones during the day is 92.6%, and the compliance rate at night is 73.5%.

Seven, radiation

(1) Environmental ionizing radiation

The national environmental ionizing radiation level is within the background fluctuation range. The real-time continuous air absorbed dose rate and cumulative dose are within the fluctuation range of the local natural background. The activity concentration of natural radionuclides in the air is at the background level, and the activity concentration of artificial radionuclides is not abnormal. The seven major river basins of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River, Songhua River, Huaihe River, Haihe River and Liaohe River

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