Dumping or improper disposal of hazardous waste due to its corrosive, toxic, flammable, reactive, or infectious, etc. hazardous properties will cause serious environmental pollution and harm the health of the population. With the development of society and the continuous improvement of the level of industrialization, the amount of industrial hazardous waste is also showing a gradual upward trend. Therefore, the safe disposal of hazardous waste has increasingly become the focus of people's attention. Since my country issued the "National Hazardous Waste and Medical Waste Disposal Facilities Construction Plan" in 2004, the key hazardous waste disposal projects in the plan have been basically completed. It can be said that my country's hazardous waste safe disposal technology and industrial development level have been significantly improved. However, the construction of disposal facilities still lags behind the growth rate of hazardous waste. Therefore, strengthening the construction of hazardous waste disposal facilities is still a top priority. Hazardous waste disposal projects are environmentally sensitive projects, and their environmental impact assessments have certain particularities. The following analyzes the environmental impact assessment related issues of such projects.

1. Advantages of comprehensive utilization of hazardous waste

1.1 Reduction

"Reduce" refers to reducing the amount of hazardous waste generated or subsequently processed, stored or disposed to the smallest possible extent. Waste reduction includes source reduction and efficient use, reuse, and regeneration. The reduction of solid waste is the fundamental way to solve the pollution of solid waste. The comprehensive utilization of heavy metal-containing sludge is the reduction of heavy metals, which effectively reduces the discharge of heavy metals and reduces the burden on the environment.

1.2 Recycling

Recycling refers to the direct use of waste as raw materials or the recycling of waste. Comprehensive utilization of heavy metal-containing sludge projects generally extract useful components from sludge, or use chemical methods to replace useful components to form new useful materials. The materials extracted from sludge are used in society, which is a clear manifestation of resource utilization. The comprehensive utilization of heavy metal-containing sludge is a waste recycling industry, a resource-saving industry, and an environment-friendly industry. It is also an important change to the traditional development model that is heavily consumed and discarded. It is an important part of promoting the circular economy and realizing the sustainable development of the regional economy.

2. Investigation of the source of hazardous waste

Because of understanding the source, type, form and hazardous characteristics of hazardous waste, it is very important to evaluate the feasibility of hazardous waste disposal center's scale, location and process. Therefore, when carrying out the construction of hazardous waste disposal facilities, it is necessary to investigate the sources, types, forms and characteristics of hazardous wastes in detail. The following investigation methods can be adopted for investigation:

2.1 Quoting the declared data. In recent years, my country has gradually strengthened the management and control of hazardous waste. According to the “Guidelines for the Declaration and Registration of Solid Wastes” of the State Environmental Protection Administration on hazardous waste declaration and registration, the initial amount of hazardous waste declaration is 10kg/a, according to the technical specifications for declaration and registration. Prepared hazardous waste survey forms and fill-in regulations, and used the form-filling method to require chemical companies to declare the actual waste generation, treatment and disposal status, and summarize the source of hazardous waste through the declaration data of each pollution-producing unit.

2.2 Data survey method. Through the investigation of the hazardous waste category and output in the environmental impact assessment of the approved hazardous waste production unit, the data of the environmental impact assessment are generally forecast data, and the actual operating conditions of the enterprise are often inconsistent with the environmental assessment approval, and even the process is different. Changes may occur. Therefore, the accuracy of the data obtained by this survey is average.

2.3 On-site investigation method. In-depth investigation of the sources, types, forms, and hazardous characteristics of various hazardous wastes in various waste-producing enterprises. The survey method has more accurate data, but the investment is relatively large and the cycle is relatively long. Moreover, companies have concerns about investigations. Therefore, on-site investigations often require the cooperation of environmental protection administrative departments.

3. Environmental impact of comprehensive utilization of hazardous waste

3.1 Insufficient disposal of hazardous waste

The base is unclear and the destination is unknown. In many areas, the scope of hazardous waste supervision is limited to enterprises with a certain scale of production. For some township hospitals or medical waste generated by enterprises, universities, scientific research institutions, etc. Hazardous waste has not yet been effectively collected. Some enterprises will list some hazardous wastes as by-products, or treat them as general solid wastes, fail to report accordingly, or even conceal and under-report. The layout of disposal facilities is unreasonable and the transfer is more difficult. Some waste treatment industries with relatively high profits, such as waste mineral oil, waste circuit boards, etc., have a state of overcapacity in their disposal capacity. For some hazardous wastes that are difficult to use or have relatively low value, such as waste acid, waste salt, etc., there is a lack of disposal facilities. Because the transfer procedures of hazardous waste are relatively complicated and the cycle is long, some areas with surplus disposal capacity are also Unwilling to receive hazardous waste across regions. Illegal transfer, dumping and disposal are rampant. The disposal cost of hazardous wastes produced by enterprises is relatively high, and some of these hazardous wastes themselves contain relatively high use value, which makes illegal transfer, dumping and disposal of hazardous wastes. The phenomenon is very common.

Under such circumstances, it is easy to cause frequent environmental accidents and become a major type of environmental pollution crimes. Not only will it cause serious pollution to the environment, but it will also have a negative impact on the society.

3.2 Problems in determining the attributes of solid waste

For a long time, there have been problems of heavy moisture and light solid waste in environmental management work, as well as in environmental impact assessment work. my country has not yet promulgated special technical guidelines concerning the environmental impact assessment of hazardous waste construction projects. In the environmental impact assessment documents, there are few environmental impact assessments of solid waste, and there are large differences between the types and quantities of actual hazardous wastes and the results of the environmental assessment, and the attributes of hazardous wastes Lack of judgment and environmental risk assessment, no specific targeted disposal, utilization measures, and technical and economic feasibility issues.

3.3 Acoustic environmental impact

The noise generated after the operation of the heavy metal sludge comprehensive utilization project is mainly the noise of various mechanical equipment. After adopting comprehensive measures such as vibration reduction, noise reduction, sound insulation and greening of high-noise equipment, it is ensured that the noise of the plant boundary is equivalent during the day and night. A sound level is up to standard.

3.4 Impact of solid waste

The heavy metal-containing sludge comprehensive utilization project. The solid waste is the remaining sludge after extracting the effective components of the sludge and the sludge produced by the process. Most of the heavy metal-containing hazardous wastes are handed over to a qualified unit for safe disposal to avoid secondary hazardous waste. Pollution.

4. Measures for the environmental impact of the comprehensive utilization of hazardous waste

4.1 Actively support the development of hazardous waste disposal industry

In order to better improve the efficiency of hazardous waste disposal and to be in a state of standardized disposal, avoid improper disposal of hazardous waste, accidental leakage or pollution accidents, all regions should actively support the development of the hazardous waste disposal industry to ensure that every There are enough hazardous waste disposal units in each area to meet the requirements of standardized hazardous waste disposal in the area.

4.2 Pay attention to the environmental impact assessment of transportation

At present, the transportation of hazardous waste is mainly by road transportation. During the transportation, the "Technical Specifications for the Collection, Storage and Transportation of Hazardous Wastes" must be followed, and collection, temporary storage, packaging, and temporary storage must comply with the "Hazardous Waste Storage Pollution Control Signs". 》Secondly, the transshipment unit needs to hold hazardous waste transportation qualification, the transportation container meets the relevant requirements, choose the appropriate transportation route, and try to avoid sensitive road sections such as residential settlements, historical sites, nature reserves, scenic spots, and drinking water source protection areas; Third, the comprehensive utilization unit of hazardous waste needs to make a plan for receiving, and register, test, temporarily store and process foreign hazardous waste into the factory; fourth, complete the procedures for the transfer of hazardous waste, and complete the registration of hazardous waste. Record and keep it for more than 10 years.

4.3 Pay attention to environmental risk assessment

Environmental risk impact assessment should focus on the determination of major hazard sources, not only the storage of hazardous wastes, but also the storage of related auxiliary materials, and the critical mass of related substances to determine whether the project has major hazards. If there are major hazards, risk-related predictions and evaluations shall be made in accordance with the risk evaluation guidelines. At the same time, consider accident pools and other risk prevention measures.

The volume of the accident pool must be determined according to the accident emergency collection methods of leaked materials, fire fighting wastewater, and initial rainwater. The risk prevention measures adopted include preventive measures to prevent the leakage of hazardous waste, preventive measures against the leakage of hazardous chemicals, preventive measures against the leakage of hazardous waste during road transportation, and safety management measures. At the same time, an emergency plan for environmental accidents of the project needs to be put forward.

4.4 Avoid introducing other heavy metals

Heavy metal-containing comprehensive utilization projects have a wide range of sources of raw materials, complex ingredients, multiple types, usefulness, and a wide range of hazardous metal grades. Therefore, it should be reasonable in accordance with the "Analysis of Pollutants Up to Standard Emission Analysis and Requirements for Total Pollutant Emission Control" and "Comprehensive Utilization Process" “Requirements for the Control of Hazardous Elements in Excipients” to avoid the introduction of other heavy metals. At the same time, requirements for the source of raw materials for the project should be put forward to minimize the amount of secondary hazardous waste, the types of hazardous waste, and the degree of harm.

Generally speaking, the disposal of hazardous waste is very important, and various departments need to strengthen the attention of hazardous waste disposal tasks. There are very big shortcomings in the disposal of hazardous waste in our country, and it is necessary to strengthen the adoption of relevant measures to achieve the rapid development of the hazardous waste industry.

Source: Xinjiang Environmental Protection